Kuva Covid19 yagera mu Rwanda,umurimo w’ubuhinzi uri mu mirimo mike yasigaye yemerewe gukora. Haba ubuhinzi ubwabwo nk’umurimo ndetse no gucuruza ibibukomokaho no kubigeza aho bikenewe. Mu gihe indi mirimo yabaga yahagaze byo byarakomeje. Ibi nibyo bitera abasesenguzi kuvuga ko Leta yagombye gushyiramo ingufu zisumbuyeho kugira ngo U Rwanda rugire ubuhinzi buhamye bukurura n’abakiri bato.
« Byabaga bitangaje kubona umupolisi yahagaritse amamodoka y’abakire, amamoto atwara abagenzi, akemerera kugenda abafite uruhushya abatarufite bagasubizwayo. Nyamara umuhinzi, umugabo n’umugore bigiriye mu isambu yabo bagatambuka nta nkomyi.» Aya magambo asa n’atebya ya Mvunabandi Isidore w’i Rulindo asobanuye byinshi mu gihe cya Covid 19 abaturage bose bari mu rugo bicaye, badasohoka. « Bari kurya iki se ? ufunze ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi bw’ibibuvamo waba ufunze igifu cy’abantu . Waba ubishe. Nta yandi mahitamo igihugu cyari gifite. » Nguko uko mugenzi wa Isidore amusubiza mu kiganiro gikomeza kinaganisha ko ingufu zijya mu buhinzi zakongerwa kuko byagaragaye ko ari inkingi ya mwamba y’ubuzima bw’igihugu.
Ubuhinzi nzahurabukungu
Mu kwezi kwa nzeri 2020, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI) yatangaje ko ubuhinzi n’ubworozi byari mu byitezweho kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kuzahura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwazahajwe n’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Ni muri urwo rwego MINAGRI yasabye abahinzi n’aborozi gukomeza n’ukwezi kwa Nzeri 2020 imirimo y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi hubahirizwa ingamba zo kwirinda Covid-19. Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi kandi yasabaga abahinzi guhinga ubuso bwose, ntihagire ubutaka busigara budahinze haba mu bishanga, mu nkuka zabyo, imusozi no mu mibande. Mu itangazo yanyujije kuri Twitter, MINAGRI yasabaga abahinzi kongera ubuso buhingwa mu buryo buhujwe (Land use consolidation), buhingwaho ibihingwa byatoranyijwe bihakwiriye, kandi bakagendera ku bujyanama butangwa n’inzego z’ubuhinzi zibegereye.
Abahinzi basabwagwa kandi kurwanya isuri hatunganywa imirwanyasuri, gutera ubwatsi ku miringoti kandi hakanasiburwa imigende y’amazi mu bishanga. Bibutswa kandi gutegura imirima hakiri kare, no kwitegura kuzatera imbuto nziza z’indobanure ku gihe, hakurikijwe uko imvura y’umuhindo izaboneka.
Mu gihe ariko Minagri yasabaga abahinzi ibi, izindi nzego zo zari zikirwana no gusaba abakozi gukora bubahirije amabwiriza yo kwirinda Covid19, rimwe na rimwe bakora basimburana ku mubare runaka, abandi bagakorera mu rugo. Kubijyanye n’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ntibikorerwa mu rugo. Bikorerwa ku kibuga cyabugenewe mu murima.
Nubwo abahinzi batirengagiza ingufu zishyirwamo na Leta nko gufasha mu kubona inyongeramusaruro zirimo imbuto n’ifumbire ariko banagaruka ku cyavuzwe haruguru ko buri mu mirimo mike ikomeza gukora yemye iyo iyindi yahagaze mu bihe bikomeye nk’ibiza cyangwa ibyorezo nka Covid19. Imibare y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare igaragaza ko abanyarwanda barenga 80.2% babamu ngo zikora ubuhinzi n’ubworozi. Byumvikane ko kwita kuri uru rwego ari ukwita ku nkuta zikomeye zubatse igihugu.
Ubwo yagezaga ku nteko ishinga amategeko uko urwego rw’inganda rwifashe mu mwaka wa 2020, bijyanye n’ingaruka za Covid 19, Minsitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda Ngirente Edouard yavuze ko iterambere ry’inganda ryagiye rigira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere izindi nzego z’ubukungu nk’ubuhinzi na serivisi. Urugero ni uko inganda zigira uruhare mu kubonera isoko umusaruro uvuye mu buhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse no kuwongerera agaciro (Agro-processing)… U Rwanda rufite inganda 962 zikorera mu Turere twose tw’Igihugu. Muri zo, 569 zingana na 59% zitunganya umusaruro ukomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (Agro-processing).
U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu byashyize umukono ku masezerano ya Maputo ku bijyanye n’iterambere ry’ubuhinzi n’umutekano w’ibiribwa muri Afurika. Aya masezerano avuga ko ibihugu bigize uyu mugabane bizajya bishyira mu buhinzi n’ibice by’icyaro amafaranga angana na 10% by’ingengo y’imari yabyo. Yashyizweho umukono n’abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma muri Nyakanga 2003, nyuma y’Inteko Rusange y’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe.
Igitabo cyanditswe na Institute of Policy Analysis and Research(IPAR) kivuga ku ishoramari rya Leta ku rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu Rwanda kavuga ko mu myaka yashize ishoramari rya leta mu buhinzi ryanganaga na:
• 2018/2019 : Miliyari 207.788.826.695
• 2017/2018 : Miliyari206057602690921
• 2016/2017 : Miliyari 172 696 552 321
• 2015/2016 : Miliyari 173 027 952 313
Ubusesenguzi bwa IPAR bugaragaza ko amafaranga yashyizwe mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi ari hagati ya 9% na 10% y’ingengo y’imari yose ya Leta muri iriya myaka ine yavuzwe haruguru. Muri rusange, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize impuzandengo ingana na 9.17% by’ingengo y’imari yayo mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi muri iyo myaka. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2019, urwego rw’ubuhinzi rutanga 33% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.
Mu ngengo y’imari 2020/2021 Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi byagenewe ingengo y’imari ya miliyari 122.4 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda azafasha kubiteza imbere. Abisobanurira inteko ishinga amategeko, Minisitiri w’imari n’igenamigambi, Ndagijimana Uziel yagize ati “Iyo ngengo y’imari izifashishwa mu gukomeza gukoresha inyongeramusaruro z’ubuhinzi harimo ifumbire mvaruganda n’imbuto z’indobanure, gukomeza gahunda ya Nkunganire ku bihingwa byatoranyijwe. Gukomeza kongera ibikorwa remezo mu buhinzi bigamije kurwanya isuri hubakwa amaterasi y’indinganire n’imirwanyasuri”. Ingengo y’imari ya 2020/2021 yari ihwanye na miliyari zirenga ibihumbi bitatu na miliyoni magana ane (3, 464 000 .000 Frw) z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Imbanzirizamushinga y’ingengo y’imari ya 2021/2022 yamurikiwe Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Umutwe w’Abadepite na Sena ku wa 12 Gicurasi 2021 yiyongereye agera kuri 10%. Nk’uko Richard Tusabe Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi ushinzwe Imari ya Leta wari uhagarariye Guverinoma yabivuze Ingengo y’Imari y’umwaka utaha wa 2021-2022 biteganyijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 3 807 Frw ivuye kuri miliyari 3 464 Frw yari mu ngengo y’imari ivuguruye ya 2020-2021. Urwego rw’ubuhinzi rwagenewe miliyari ijana na cumi n’enye na miliyoni ijana na mirongo irindwi n’enye (114 174 114 108 Frw). Mu gihe ingengo y’imari bivugwa ko iziyongeraho 10% ukuri kw’imibare ko kugaragaza ko igenda igabanuka ku bijyanye n’amafaranga ajya mu buhinzi ugereranije n’imyaka yabanje.
Urwego rutahungabanye ariko rugomba gushyigikirwa
Kuri Dr Semwaga Octave ushinzwe igenamigambi muri Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi,mu kiganiro n’Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’itangazamakuru (RBA) kuba urwego rw’ubuhinzi rudahungabana ni ukubera gahunda ya Leta yagennye ko ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bikomeza gukora hirindwa Covid19. Hejuru y’ibyo ariko habayeho no kubushyigikira. Kuri Octave, urwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bikozwe neza rutuma ibindi bice by’ubuzima nabyo bizamuka: transport, ubucuruzi, ikoranabuhanga…Gusa kuri we ubuhinzi si ubw’amaramuko gusa ni n’ubuhinzi bugomba gukora bwinjiza amafaranga, bukoze kinyamwuga ngo bwinjirize ababukora. Mbese bugakorwa mu ruhererekane ruva mu murima, ku isoko, mu nganda, umuhinzi akunguka n’ababushoramo bakunguka. Aho niho Leta igerageza gushyiramo inyongeramusaruro ikanunganira umuturage muri serivisi zimwe na zimwe ariko bitabujije ko igisabwa (Leta) n’abikorera ko hakongerwamo izindi ngufu.
Kuri ibi Musonera Abdou ushinzwe isesengura ry’isoko ry’umurimo muri RDB, avuga ko ubuhinzi bugomba gushyirwamo imbaraga kuko no mu gihe cya guma mu rugo abantu barakomeje bakomeza kurya. ati “Bari kurya gute se batejeje ibyo bahinze? Bari kuzarya gute se ubutaha batahinze ? “
Kuri Niyodushima Dieudonné umuhinzi uhinga imboga kinyamwuga, kuba abahinzi barakomeje gukora abandi bari muri Guma mu rugo, byagombye gutanga ikindi cyerekezo mu buhinzi hashyirwa imbaraga ahakiri intege nke. Ati “muri iki gihe hari ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni na ngombwa ko harebwa ubuso bwuhirwa, aho umuturage ahinga umwaka wose adategereje ukwezi runaka byafasha mu guhorana umusaruro. Urugero utekereje urusenda, imiteja agahora azi ko yabisanga.” Kuri we ni ngombwa ko n’abahinga amasaka, ibirayi n’ibindi bihingwa byabasha kuhirwa byakwigwaho noneho abantu bagahinga nta cyuho batewe n’ikirere cyahindutse cyangwa gutegereza indi sizeni. Ibi ngo bituma hatabaho n’ihindagurika rya buri kanya ry’ibiciro ku isoko, ihindagurika usanga iyo ridahombeje umuhinzi riremerera umuguzi.
Ingabire Alice
