Umubare w’abana baba mu muhanda ukomeza kwiyongera umunsi ku munsi. Abana bamwe baba mu muhanda bavuga ko babiterwa n’ubukene buvuza ubuhuha mu miryango yabo, ndetse n’umwiryane muri imwe mu miryango utuma ababyeyi bamwe badakurikirana imibereho y’abana babo.
Abana benshi baba mu muhanda akenshi bavuga ko ikibajyanayo cya mbere ari ubukene mu miryango, amakimbirane y’abagize umuryango ndetse n’ibindi bibazo bijyanye no kuburana n’ababyeyi babo. Umwe mu bana baba mu ikanivo mu gishanga cya Nyabugogo, avuga ko n’ubwo aba mu muhanda ari amaburakindi kuko babaho mu buzima bubi.
Munyabuhoro (izina ryahinduwe) agira ati “Ubu se abandi bana tungana ko baba bari mu ishuri twe twajyayo dute? Kereka mbonye aho mba nkabona n’ibintunga, nahita mva muri ubu buzima”. Avuga ko yaje avuye mu karere ka Rulindo nyuma y’uko se na nyina bashwanye we n’abo bavukana bakabura ubitaho.
Naho Sugabo we yibera mu Njamena, akagari ka Kabasengerezi mu murenge wa Muhima. Yavuye iwabo mu karere ka Kayonza, ahunze se umubyara ngo wamukubitaga cyane, kuko nyina yari yaramutaye. Uyu we ngo yari ageze mu mwaka wa kane w’amashuri abanza, ngo anabonye aho aba yasubira kwiga.
Ibi kandi ntabwo byatandukanywa no guta ishuri kw’abana kuko ngo kimwe kigira ingaruka ku kindi. Umwarimu umwe wigisha muri IFAK mu mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko kuri iki gihe gukurikirana umwana ku mwarimu bisigaye bigoye. Agira ati “Kera umwana yavaga mu rugo ajya ku ishuri, yaba atageze ku ishuri umubyeyi n’umwarimu umwigisha bakabimenya; yaba yanasibijwe bikamenyekana ndetse mwarimu akabikurikirana. Ubu rero biragoye kuko nta mwarimu ukigira ishuri rye ngo abashe gukurikirana buri mwana”.
Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Uburezi, REB, Dr. Ndayambaje Irené, ubwo yagiranaga ikiganiro na radio Flash FM ku itariki ya 9 Ukwakira 2019, yavuze ko uruhare rwa mbere ari urw’ababyeyi bagomba kwita ku bana babo ku buryo igitsure cy’umubyeyi gituma ntawishora mu ngeso mbi, ari nazo zijyana kukwishora mu mihanda. Avuga kandi ko ibi bibazo bikomeza kongera abana bata ishuri kuko imibare igenda izamuka umunsi ku munsi.
Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe na Minisiteri y’Uburezi bwagaragaje ko imibare y’abana bata ishuri igenda yiyongera uko imyaka ishira. Raporo ya Minisiteri y’Uburezi igaragaza ko mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2017/2018, abanyeshuri bavuye mu mashuri abanza bari kigero cya 6.7% bavuye kuri 5.6% mu mwaka w’amashuri wa 2016/2017, mu gihe muri 2015/2016 bari kuri 5.7%.
Mu mashuri abanza abana b’abahungu ni bo bata amashuri cyane kurusha abakobwa, mu gihe abakobwa ari bo bata ishuri cyane mu mashuri yisumbuye, nk’uko ubu bushakashatsi bwabigaragaje. Impamvu mu mashuri abanza abahungu ari bo benshi kuri ubu ngo ni uko ababyeyi bahitamo kubajyana mu mirimo nk’ubucuruzi cyangwa kuragira amatungo. Abakobwa mu mashuri yisumbuye ngo wongerwa no guterwa inda bikabaviramo kureka ishuri ndetse n’imiryango ikabatererana, ari nabyo bituma berekeza iyo mu muhanda.
Ikibazo cyakemuka ariko cyaburiwe umuti
Mu mwaka wa 2016, ubwo Perezida wa Repubulika yasuraga intara y’Iburengerazuba yagaragaje ko abayobozi ari bo bakwiye gufata iya mbere ngo abana barerwe neza binyuze mu muryango no mu ishuri. Yagize ati “Ibyangombwa byose birahari ariko ntabwo ndasobanukirwa impamvu abana badashaka kujya mu ishuri. Ababyeyi bohereza abana babo mu mirimo itabakwiye, abarezi n’abandi bayobozi batagira icyo bakora ngo abana bataye ishuri barigarukemo bose bazabihanirwa”. Icyo gihe kandi yabajije abayobozi b’akarere ka Rubavu yarimo impamvu amashuri yubakwa ariko abana ntibayajyemo.
Mu bituma abana bata ishuri harimo kuba imiryango myinshi icyennye, guteshuka ku nshingano kwa bamwe mu babyeyi, abandi bagahitamo gukoresha abana imirimo inyuranye nko kuragira amatungo, kurinda umuceri, ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, gusarura icyayi n’imiceri, n’ibindi.
Umwe mu barimu bo mu murenge wa Cyeza, akarere ka Muhanga, avuga ko bamwe mu banyeshuri yigisha baza bitwaje ibitiyo bakabisiga inyuma y’ishuri, babona hanyuze ikamyo bagasohoka bakajya kuyipakira ntibagaruke kwiga, bakazaza undi munsi.Ibi bibazo byose bituma ejo hazaza h’igihugu hatera inkeke kubera ko uru rubyiruko ari rwo rugomba kucyubaka. Ndikumana Marcel, umwarimu mu mashuri yisumbuye mu mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko kugira ngo ibi bibazo bikemuke hakenewe ubufatanye bw’ababyeyi, ubuyobozi bw’amashuri, ubuyobozi busanzwe n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu burezi, imbogamizi zose zigakurwaho.
Cyakora agaruka ku kuba kuri iki gihe gukurikirana abana ku ishuri bisigaye bigoye. Ati “Kera wasangaga ishuri rigira umwarimu umwe. Ubu rero aho basigaye basimburana ntibyoroshye kumenya ibibazo byihariye umwana afite, ngo amenye n’uko avugisha ababyeyi. Hari n’igihe asiba kubera gusimburana kw’abarimu mu ishuri ugasanga ntibimenyekanye kubera ko bamwe mu barimu bashobora kutuzuza inshingano zabo neza”.
Leta igerageza gukora iby’ibanze ngo ibikorwaremezo byegere abantu benshi aho yubaka amashuri mu duce dutandukanye. Banki y’Isi iheruka kuguriza Leta y’u Rwanda miliyari zisaga 180 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr. Uzziel Ndagijimana yavuze ko hazubakwa ibyumba by’amashuri ibihumbi 11 n’ubwiherero 14.680. Ibi ni mu rwego rwo kugabanya urugendo abana bakora ngo bagere ku ishuri.
Abana bananirana burundu
Iteka rya Minisitiri w’Uburezi ryo mu 2016 riteganya ibihano ku babyeyi batohereza abana mu ishuri n’abandi bantu babakoresha imirimo ituma batiga cyangwa bata ishuri, rivuga ko “Umubyeyi cyangwa urera umwana mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko utamwohereje ku ishuri kandi agejeje ku myaka yo gutangira amashuri abanza, ahanishwa kugawa mu nama y’Umudugudu atuyemo kandi agategekwa kujyana umwana ku ishuri”.
Inzego z’ibanze zijya zikora umukwabu wo gushaka abana batajya ku ishuri, yewe abo babonye ababyeyi babo bakabihanirwa. Umubyeyi umwe wo mu karere ka Gasabo, avuga ko afite umwana wanze kujya ku ishuri neza ahubwo agahora azerera kandi ntacyo yamukoraho.Agira ati “Nkanjye kumpanira ko umwana wanjye yanze kujya ku ishuri waba undenganyije kuko ntacyo ntakora ngo uyu mwana ajye ku ishuri. Gusa yirirwa agenda nkabona aragarutse cyera kabaye. Icyo ankorera ni uko mbona atashye ariko sinzi aho aba yiriwe. Ntaragira imyaka 18, ariko mfite impungenge z’uko rimwe nzisanga yaragiye kuba aho ntamenya”.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinwe Igororamuco (NRS), Bosenibamwe Aimé, avuga ko imibare y’abana bari mu muhanda igenda igabanyuka kuko hafashwe ingamba zikarishye zo kubakura muri ubwo buzima. Agira ati ‘’ Ubu turi mu bikorwa byo kubakura mu muhanda bakajyanwa mu bigo ngororamuco ndetse no mu miryango, kuburyo rwose uyu mwaka urangira hasigayemo mbarwa. Ubusanzwe hari abirirwa mu muhanda bwakwira bagataha, hakaba n’abahoramo. Abo bose tubafata nk’abana bo mu muhanda.’’
Imibare yavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Abana, NCC mu kwezi kwa gatatu 2019 bugaragaza ko abana 2882 baba mu muhanda.
Higiro Adolphe
