Taliki 30 Nyakanga za buri mwaka, u Rwanda rwifatanya n’isi mu kwizihiza umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe kurwanya icuruzwa ry’abantu. Uyu munsi washyizweho n’umuryango w’abibumbye, hagamijwe gukangurira abatuye isi ikibazo cy’ingutu cy’icuruzwa ry’abantu, n’uburyo bwo kubikumira.
Hirya no hino ku isi, abantu bashukwa n’amatangazo mahimbano y’akazi, bizezwa akazi keza mu mahanga ndetse n’amahirwe yo gutura mu mahanga byoroshye, bakisanga baguye mu mutego w’ibigo biri mu icuruzwa ry’abantu, aho bisanga bahatirwa gukora uburiganya kuri interineti binyuze mu iterabwoba, urugomo n’ihohoterwa.
Abakorerwa iki cyaha cy’icuruzwa ry’abantu, akenshi bisanga bagiye gukoreshwa imirimo y’agahato, bajyanywe mu mitwe y’iterabwoba, bashowe mu bucuruzi bwo kubasambanya ku gahato, gukurwamo ibice bimwe na bimwe by’umubiri n’ibindi.
Insanganyamatsiko y’uyu mwaka igira iti “Inyuma y’uburiganya, abantu bisanga baguye mu mutego,” igaragaza imikorere y’ubucuruzi bw’abantu hagamijwe gukora ibyaha ku gahato mu miyoboro ya yo kuri interineti. Ubukangurambaga bw’ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bimukira (IOM) busaba ko abakoreshwa mu buriganya bwo kuri interineti barushaho kwitabwaho no gukaza ingamba zo kurinda abakorewe icuruzwa ry’abantu.
Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bimukira (IOM) ritangaza ko kuva mu 2022 hamaze gufashwa abagera ku bihumbi bitatu (3000) baguye mu bishuko by’ubwo buriganya bakisanga bacurujwe mu buhugu biherereye muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo n’iy’Uburasirazuba. Iri shami kandi rivuga ko hari umubare munini w’abakorerwa iri hohoterwa nyamara ntibitabwe ahubwo bagafatwa nk’abakoze ibyaha byambukiranya imipaka aho gufatwa nk’abakorewe uburiganya bushingiye ku icuruzwa ry’abantu.
Mu guhashya ibaha by’icuruzwa ry’abantu, ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bimukira rivuga ko hakenewe gushyira imbaraga mu kumenya imyirondoro y’abarrikorewe, guha ubufasha ababashije kurirokoka, kubitaho no kubarindira umutekano. Rivuga kandi ko hakenewe ubufatanye mpuzamahanga mu gusenya imiyoboro y’ubu bugizi bwa nabi.
Imibare ivuga iki ?
Nk’uko raporo iheruka y’ibiro by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyaha (UNODC) ku icuruzwa ry’abantu ibivuga, umubare w’abacurujwe bagaragaye wiyongereyeho 25%. Iri zamuka muri rusange rigaragazwa n’ubwiyongere bwa 47% mu bakorerwa imirimo y’agahato n’ubwiyongere bwa 38% mu mirimo ikoreshwa abana.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko icuruzwa ry’abantu ryibasiye abagore n’abakobwa ku kigero cya 62%, mu gihe umubare w’abana umubare w’abana bakiri bato wiyongereyeho 31% ugereranije n’ibipimo byabanjirije. Gukoreshwa imirimo y’agahato no gukoreshwa imibonano mpuzabitsina (byibasiye abagore n’abakobwa ku kigero cya 96%) ni byo byiganjye muri ubu bugizi bwa nabi bw’icuruzwa ry’abantu.
Mu isuzuma ryakozwe n’ibiro by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe ibiyobyabwenge n’ibyaha (UNODC) bifatanije n’andi mashami y’umuryango w’abibumbye kuri iki cyorezo gifatwa nk’ubucakara bugezweho (esclavage moderne/ modern slavery), basanze ku isi abantu miliyoni 50 baba muri ubu bucakara bwa none. Abarenga miliyoni makumyabiri na zirindwi n’igice bakoreshwa imirimo y’agahato, mu gihe abagera kuri miliyoni 22 bashyingirwa ku gahato (nabyo biri mu bigize icuruzwa ry’abantu) abandi bagasambanywa ku gahato bagurishijwe.
Mu Rwanda ho bite?
Itegeko nimero 51/2018 ryo ku wa 13/08/2018 ryerekeye gukumira, kurwanya no guhana icuruzwa ry’abantu no gushakira inyungu mu bandi, risobanura ko icuruzwa ry’abantu ari igikorwa cyose gikozwe n’umuntu hagamijwe gushaka inyungu, uha cyangwa ushakira undi akazi, utwara, wimura, uhisha cyangwa wakira undi muntu; hakoreshejwe ibikangisho, imbaraga cyangwa ubundi buryo bwose bw’agahato, ishimuta, uburiganya, ubushukanyi, kumubonerana kubera ububasha umufiteho cyangwa kubera ko ari umunyantege nke, gutanga cyangwa kwakira ubwishyu cyangwa inyungu kugira ngo umuntu ufite ububasha ku wundi muntu yemere.
Iri tegeko rikomeza risobanura ko iki cyaha ari igikorwa cyose gikozwe n’umuntu wese uha akazi, utwara, wimura, ucumbikira cyangwa wakira umwana hagamijwe kumushakiramo inyungu, niyo nta na bumwe mu buryo bwavuzwe mbere bwaba bwakoreshejwe.
N’ubwo nta mibare ihari y’abanyarwanda bacurujwe, ubwo yari muri Sena y’u Rwanda aganira n’abasenateri bagize Komisiyo y’ububanyi n’amahanga, ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda n’umutekano kuwa 23 Nyakanga 2026, Minisitiri w’ubutabera akaba n’intumwa nkuru ya Leta, Dr Emmanuel Ugirashebuja, yavuze ko hagati ya Nyakanga 2025 na Werurwe 2026 u Rwanda rwagaruye mu gihugu abantu 289 bari bacurujwe mu bihugu bitandukanye. Harimo 101 bakuwe muri Cambodia, 99 bakuwe muri Oman, 58 bakuwe muri Laos na 31 bakuwe muri Myanmar.
Minisitiri w’ubutabera kandi yabwiye komisiyo ya Sena ko mu myaka itatu ishize mu Rwanda abantu 54 bahamijwe n’inkiko ibyaha by’icuruzwa ry’abantu baranabihanirwa. Yavuze ko muri 2023 abantu 24 bahamijwe icyo cyaha, muri 2024 abagihamijwe ni 18 naho abandi 12 bahamijwe icyaha cy’icuruzwa ry’abantu muri 2025. Yanagaragaje ko Urwego rw’Abinjira n’Abasohoka mu Rwanda (DGIE) rwashyizeho uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bufasha gukumira icuruzwa ry’abantu ryambukiranya imipaka, rukaba rwaragize uruhare mu gutabara abantu 673 bari bagiye gucuruzwa mu mwaka ushize.
U Rwanda rwashyizeho ingamba zo guhangana n’icuruzwa ry’abantu mu gihugu hose, ruhuriza hamwe inzego za Leta zirebwa n’iki kibazo hamwe n’imiryango itari iya leta. Hashyizwe imbere ingingo enye ari zo gukumira, kurinda abahohotewe, gukurikirana abakekwaho iki cyaha n’ubufatanye n’izindi nzego ndetse n’ibindi bihugu mu gutahura imiyoboro y’abakora iri curuzwa rw’abantu. Hanashyizwe imbere kandi ubukangurambaga mu itangazamakuru ndetse no mu turere dukora ku mipaka.
Gérard M. Manzi
