Kimwe no mu zindi manza nshinjabyaha, kuregera indishyi birashoboka. Mu manza zirebana na jenoside ziburanishirizwa ku Rukiko rwa rubanda i Paris mu Bufaransa, hari abahagarariye ababuranira indishyi. Ku madosiye 5 amaze kuburanishwa yaregewemo indishyi, hapfundikiwe 1, nyamara abo urukiko rwageneye indishyi ntibarazibona bose. Umwe mu bababuranira umaze imyaka irenga 20 muri aka kazi, Me Gisagara Richard aragaruka ku ngaruka bigira ku butabera. Mu rubanza ruri kuhabera rwa Dr. Munyemana Sosthène, aburanira abantu 15 baregeye indishyi ku giti cyabo hamwe n’ishyirahamwe CRF (Communaute rwandaise de France) rimwe mu mashyirahamwe 5 ari mu baregera indishyi muri uru rubanza.
PXP: PAX PRESS
G.R: Gisagara Richard
PXP: Urubanza ruri kubera hano ni urwa 6 mu zirebana na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ibijyanye n’abaregera indishyi bihagaze bite?
G.R: Ubundi uko bigenda hano mu Bufaransa harabanza hakabaho kuburanisha umuntu (partie pénale), umuntu icyaha kikabanza kikamuhama, cyamara kumuhama ni bwo indishyi ziburanirwa (partie civile). Muri izo manza zose rero zagiye zibaho, usibye mu rwa mbere rwa Simbikangwa, mu zindi zakurikiyeho abashinjwaga bamaze kuburana ibyaha bikabahama, twagiye kuburana indishyi. Urukiko rwagiye rubafataho ibyemezo bitandukanye, ariko kugeza ubu urubanza rwapfundikiwe ni rumwe gusa, ni na rwo indishyi zatangiye gutangwa: urubanza rwa Ngenzi na Barahira bari ba burugumesitiri ba Kabarondo mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo.
Baraburanye bakatirwa igifungo cya burundu, noneho turegera indishyi. Ku rwego rwa mbere babanje kuduha ifaranga/euro 1 ry’ikimenyetso cy’indishyi (euro symbolique) kuko ngo nta kiguzi cy’umuntu kibaho.. Banze rero kuduha indishyi nk’uko zitangwa mu zindi manza zisanzwe. Icyo twarakijuririye noneho bemera gutanga indishyi tugendeye ku zisanzwe zitangwa hano mu Bufaransa mu zindi manza nk’izi zirimo ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu.
Muri urwo rubanza rwa Ngenzi na Barahira, abaregeraga indishyi bari abantu 27, twebwe abunganira CRF (Communauté rwandaise de France) abo duhagarariye baregeraga indishyi bari 10, urukiko rukaba rwarabageneye amafaranga atandukanye kuko indishyi bazitanga bakurikije ingaruka jenoside yagize ku muntu. Haba mu manza za jenoside no mu zindi manza nshinjabyaha ni uko bigenda. Ku rwego rwa mbere ntibari bashatse kubikora nk’uko bikorwa mu zindi manza, ari na yo mpamvu twabijuririye.
Muri uko kujurira rero batanze indishyi mu buryo butandukanye. Abo bantu 10 duhagarariye bagiye bagenerwa n’urukiko indishyi kuva ku bihumbi 9 by’amayero (hafi miliyoni 12 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, Ndlr) kugeza ku bihumbi 187 by’amayero. Ayo ni ayo urukiko rwagiye rubagenera, si ayabagiye mu mufuka.
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Me Gisagara Richard, umwe mu bunganira abaregera indishyi mu manza za jenoside zibera ku Rukiko rwa Rubanda (Ifoto: Higiro A.)
PXP: Ubundi urukiko rugena indishyi rugendeye ku ki?
G.R: Urukiko rugendera ku mpamvu nyinshi: ibyakubayeho wowe ubwawe, abo wabuze, cyangwa se amasano ufitanye n’abo bantu. Nk’umuntu wabuze umwana ntabwo urukiko rumugenera nk’umuntu wabuze nyirarume, nk’uko uwabuze umubyeyi batamugenera nk’ay’uwabuze nyirakuru.
Ibi iyo birangiye, hakurikiraho gushyira mu bikorwa ibijyanye n’icyemezo cyafashwe n’urukiko. Aha rero ni ho ibintu byabanje gutindira kuko ni ubwa mbere mu Bufaransa hari habaye imanza nk’izi hakazamo uruhande rw’abasaba indishyi. Byabaye nk’ibintu bigorana kuko ubusanzwe iyo umuntu icyaha kimuhamye indishyi ziva mu mutungo we. No muri abo rero icyaha cyahamye (Ngenzi na Barahira) indishyi zagombaga kuva mu mitugo yabo, gusa nta mitungo bafite ihagije hano mu Bufaransa ku buryo yari kuvamo indishyi z’abantu bose bakoreye icyaha.
PXP: Ubwo ku badafite ibyo bishyura bigenda gute?
G.R: Tugendeye ku rubanza twavugaga haruguru, twegerere ikigega kiri hano mu Bufaransa kibereyeho gufasha abantu bagenewe indishyi n’urukiko ariko batazihawe n’abagomba kuzitanga. Byabanje kugorana kuko iki kigega bajya kugishyiraho ntabwo bagishyiriyeho Abanyarwanda, abantu cyashyiriweho abantu batuye ahangaha. Ariko twarababwiye tuti ‘’amategeko yanyu ni ko ameze, ni urukiko rwanyu rwaciye uru rubanza, nta mpamvu ibuza ko n’Abanyarwanda rwemeye kuburanisha rukanabagenera indishyi na bo batazihabwa hakurikijwe uko ayo mategeko ameze.’’
Byabanje kugorana ariko nyuma, iki kigega cyemeye gutanga izo ndishyi ariko zitangwa mu byiciro bitandukanye kuko ni amafaranga twabasabaga batari biteguye gusabwa. Byafashe igihe kinini.
Muri bariya bantu 10 twavugaga, 7 ba mbere bayabonye mu kwezi kwa 7 k’uyu mwaka. Abandi 3 basigaye na bo biri mu nzira bashobora kuyabona nko mu kwa 1 cg mu kwa 2 umwaka utaha wa 2024.
![](http://paxpress.rw/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Munyemana-numwunganira.jpg)
Dr, Munyemana Sosthène n’umwe mu bamwunganira, Me Florence BOURG (Ifoto: Alain Jocard, AFP)
PXP: Ese ikigega mwavuze gitanga indishyi zose urukiko rwagennye?
G.R: Oya. Ntabwo iki kigega kiguha amafaranga yose urukiko rwakugeneye nk’umuntu w’umunyamahanga watsindiye indishyi. Hari ibigega 2 bitandukanye: ikigenewe Abafaransa cyangwa abatuye mu Bufaransa bakorewe ibyaha bikomeye, abongabo bahabwa menshi; n’ikindi kitareba ko umuntu aba ari Umufaransa cyangwa atuye mu Bufaransa. Icyo ni cyo twegereye kuko nicyo twari twujuje ibyo gisaba.
Iki nacyo gifite amahame abiri kigenderaho: Ubundi gitanga 30% y’amafaranga urukiko rwakugeneye, ariko ayo na yo akaba atagomba kurenga ibihumbi 3 by’amayero (hafi miliyoni enye z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda).
Nk’urugero, uwagenewe ibihumbi 187 by’amayero, ni ukubanza ukareba 30% yayo. Ni ukuvuga ibihumbi mirongo 56. Nk’uko twabisobanuye haruguru ntibarenza ibihumbi 3. Ubwo rero bamuha gusa ibihumbi3. Naho uwahawe ibihumbi 9, ubanza kureba 30% yayo urasanga ari nka 2800 y’amayéro akaba atarenze ibihumbo 3 byagenwe. Ubwo we abona 2800 nyine. Birumvikana rero, muri bariya bantu 10 twavuze twaburaniraga, uwabonye macye yabonye 2800 b’amayero, uwabonye menshi abona ibihumbi 3 by’amayero. Ubwo dutegere ko no mu zindi manza ari ko bizagenda kuko ruriya ni rwo kugeza ubu rwaciwe burundu. No mu zindi manza zakurikiyeho twagiye turegera indishyi hamwe urukiko rukazitwima ubundi rukaziduha. Izo manza zindi zagiye zijuririrwa, dutegereje ko zizapfundikirwa burundu ari nabwo tuzamenya burundu ibijyanye n’indishyi twasabye.
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![](http://paxpress.rw/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/Urukiko-1.jpeg)
Urukiko rwa Rubanda rw’i Paris mu Bufaransa, ahari kubera urubanza rwa Dr, Munyemana Sosthène, urwa 6 mu manza za jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 (Ifoto: Higiro A.)
PXP: Ko nyir’urukiko ari na we nyir’ikigega cyishyura, mu gihe azasanga ari guhomba nyuma yo kureba urutonde rw’abantu bategereje kuburana, nta mpungenge mufite noneho ko urukiko rwahagarika kongera kwakira abaregera indishyi?
G.R: Impungenge zirahari ariko twifashisha amategeko yanditse. No kugira ngo izi manza zizatangire zigere n’aho ziburanishwa mu mizi, nabwo byasabye ko tubanza kurwana intambara ikomeye kuko byamaze imyaka irenga 20 ariko birangira abantu baburanishijwe kuko mbere bitakorwaga kubera impamvu nyinshi zirimo n’iza politiki. Nkurikije uko amategeko yanditse, nta kibuza ko amategeko akurikizwa abaregera indishyi bakaziregera.
PXP: Ese ubundi kuki mutasabye ko baburanira mu Rwanda maze n’icyo kibazo cy’indishyi kikava ku Bufaransa kikimukira ku Rwanda?
G.R: U Bufaransa ni bwo bwashatse ko aba bantu baburanira ino, ariko byose byarashobokaga. Yaba Munyemana Sosthène uri kuburana, yaba Bucyibaruta, yaba Ngenzi na Barahira n’abandi bose, hashize imyaka myinshi dusabye ko bajya kuburanishirizwa mu Rwanda. Ibyo barabyanze (u Bufaransa). Niba barashatse rero ko imanza zibera aha, amategeko agomba kubahirizwa uko ameze. Tuzakomeza rero duharanire ko amategeko akurikizwa kuko ni bo banze kubohereza.
Impungenge rero zijyanye no kuburanira indishyi zarabajijwe no mu rubanza ruheruka, urukiko rudutegeka ko dutanga imyanzuro ku bijyanye n’uko abunganira abaziburanira batagombye kugaruka muri izi manza. Bagashaka ariko kugenekereza ngo ngo urukiko rureba ibijyanye no kuburana ntirureba abaregera inyungu, ariko twebwe si uko tubibona. Kuba ari bo batanga amafaranga y’indishyi bakaba bashobora kuvuga bati ‘’turabona bitugoye reka tuvanemo ababuranira indishyi’’ ndumva ari ibintu tutakwemera. Twabikozeho imyanzuro tugaragaza ko mu rwego rw’amategeko ibyo atari byo, dutegereje rero ko umwanzuro ufatwa n’urukiko ahagana mu matariki ya 23 y’ukwezi kwa 12 uyu mwaka; icyemezo kizavamo nikiba kitatunyuze tuzakijuririra. Ngaho aho duhagaze.
Na parike navuga ko ihagarariye sosiyete muri uru rubanza na yo yashyigikiye ko ababuranira inyungu batagombye kuzamo. Batanga urugero nk’urwa Arusha kuko na ho ntababaga mu rukiko, ariko namwe murabizi ingaruka byateje kuko abantu barazaga bakicara, bagahimba ibintu, ugasanga haraburana gusa ubushinjacyaha n’abacamanza.
PXP: Murakoze
G.R: Namwe murakoze
Byakusanyijwe na:
HIGIRO Adolphe
Paris – FRANCE