Minisiteri y’Ubuzima mu Rwanda itangaza ko byagaragaye ko muri iki gihe ubwandu bushya bwa SIDA buri kuboneka cyane mu rubyiruko, cyane cyane urw’igitsinagore. Ababyeyi barashinja abana kwigira ibyigenge bakaba batagikozwa ibyo guhanwa, Leta igatungwa agatoki mu kudohoka mu bukangurambaga, naho urubyiruko rukihagararaho ruvuga ko ibyarubaho byose bishingiye ku gushaka imibereho kuko ubuzima bwahenze. Icyavugwa cyose, amagara ntaguranwa amagana!
Ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera SIDA ntaho bwagiye, nubwo bamwe basa n’abadohotse mu bwirinzi, bamwe bakerekeza amaso ku zindi ndwara zisa n’izitari zimenyerewe. Ibyo ntibikuraho ko abakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n’abanduye kandi batikingiye bandura. Urubyiruko ni rumwe mu rukomeje guhura n’ibyo byago, by’umwihariko abakobwa.
Umuyobozi wungirije w’Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC), Noella Bigirimana, atangaza ko ubwandu bwa SIDA mu Rwanda bukiri ku rugero rwa 3% ku bantu bakuru, 2% ku bana bayivukana, gusa ubwandu bushya bukaba bwiganje mu rubyiruko ruri hagati y’imyaka 15 na 24.
Ushinzwe ubushakashatsi kuri SIDA muri RBC, Dr. Eric Remera avuga ko kuba abakobwa ari bo benshi bandura byasobanurwa mu buryo 2: “Abahungu basigaye baritabiriye kwisiramuza, kandi kwisiramuza bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura ho 60%, kandi abagabo 70% mu Rwanda barasiramuye. Ikindi nuko hakomeje kugaragara urubyiruko rw’abakobwa rufite imyitwarire idahwitse irimo n’uburaya, ibyo bigatuma ibyago byo kwandura byiyongera ugereranyije n’abahungu.”
Imibare igaragaza ko abakobwa banduye virusi itera SIDA bakubye kabiri abahungu. Impamvu ni nyinshi, gusa zose ni izo gushakirwa igisubizo mu buryo burambye.
Ubwigenge bwabagize ibyigenge!
Kuba SIDA igaragara cyane mu rubyiruko muri rusange, hari abavuga ko impamvu ari uko urubyiruko rusigaye rwarahawe uburenganzira burenze, ababyeyi bakamera nk’aho nta jambo barufiteho, yewe ngo hari n’igihe bagerageza kubacyaha bakisanga basa n’abatabyemerewe.
Umubyeyi K.L w’imyaka 57, utuye i Nyarugenge mu mujyi wa Kigali, avuga ko ababazwa n’uburyo abana bigize ibyigenge kuko ngo bamaze kwishyiramo ko bafite amategeko abarengera ku buryo nta mubyeyi ukibagiraho ijambo. Agira ati “Abana bacu bihaye ubwisanzure bukabije, icyari uburenganzira bagihinduramo kwigira ibyigenge, maze barirekura sinakubwira! Bajya aho bashatse bakanatahira igihe bashakiye, umubyeyi yavuga bikaba ibibazo ngo yavuze umwana (…) Uzi kuba uri umubyeyi udashobora guhana no guhanura umwana wawe?! Nta kundi tuzafatanya kwakira ingaruka z’imyitwarire badukanye.”
Akomeza avuga ko uko gukora ibyo bashaka bituma banishora mu ngeso zibashishikariza ubusambanyi. Agira ati ‘’Ntanze nk’urugero, mujya mubona Polisi yafatiye urubyiruko mu birori rukorera mu mazu yiherereye (house party). Burya ibibera hariya ni agahomamunwa, bariyandarika kakahava. Ukeka ko abahakoreye ubusambanyi bikingira? Baba babanje kwipima uko bahagaze se basi? Wapi. Burya na virusi y’agakoko gatera SIDA iba irekereje, ariko burya iyo banyoye barabyirengagiza.’’
Urubyiruko ntiruhakana iyo myitwarire idahwitse. Umukobwa umwe w’inkumi w’imyaka 25 ukomoka i Rubavu mu ntara y’Iburengerazuba ariko akaba atuye mu mujyi wa Kigali, ahamya ko ibishuka urubyiruko birushaho kwiyongera ukurikije uko isi irushaho gutera imbere. Ahamya ko na we yagize igihe cyo kugerageza kwitekerezaho ngo agabanye umuvuduko wo kwishimisha ariho, ariko ngo byaranze.
Agira ati ‘’Isi iri hanze aha iraryoshye erega, ubasha kwirinda ibishuko arakaze. Imico yo hanze ijyanye no kwishimisha yamaze kuducengeramo: ibirori bihoraho, kwambara ubusa, inkundo zo kwishimisha gusa nta yindi ntego, inzoga n’ibiyobyabwenge… Ibyo byose rero bitera ingabo mu bitugu irari urubyiruko rubyirukanye rwo gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina, wareba nabi ukisanga ibyo kwikingira ubyibutse ibiba byabaye.’’
Muri uko kwidagadura kuzira kwikunda no gutekereza, hari abavuga ko n’ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza abantu kwirinda bwagabanyutse ku buryo bugaragara kandi bwari bufite akamaro kanini.
Ubukangurambaga bwadohotse
Ni kenshi hagiye habaho ibikorwa bitandukanye bikangurira abaturarwanda kwirinda virusi y’agakoko gatera SIDA, nyamara ubu umuvuduko n’imbaraga zakoreshwaga byaragabanyutse. Biragoye kumva ubutumwa buhoraho (indirimbo, ibyapa, imivugo, amarushanwa…) bukangurira abantu kwirinda.
Ibyapa nk’ibi bikangurira abantu kwirinda Sida biragoye kongera kubibona
Umubyeyi ufite abana 4 bafite hagati y’imyaka 10 na 23, utuye i Musanze mu ntara y’Amajyaruguru, ahamya ko ubwandu bushya bwiganje mu rubyiruko butizwa umurindi n’ubukangurambaga butagifite ingufu, ndetse ukaba wagira ngo ikibazo cyararangiye burundu.
Mu gahinda kavanze n’impuhwe, agira ati ‘’Uzi ko Coronavirusi yaje ikibagiza ibintu byose. No mu gihe isa n’iyarangiye abantu bahugiye mu guhangana n’ingaruka zayo, ariko rwose uko abantu batinyaga SIDA byabashizemo pe (….) Inzego z’ubuzima nizongere zitangatange tutazisanga amazi yarenze inkombe.’’
N’ubwo akebura inzego z’ubuzima ariko, agaruka no ku babyeyi bataganiriza abana ku ngaruka zo gukora imibonanano mpuzabitsina idakingiye.
Mu buryo bumwe, yunganirwa na mugenzi we bahuriye ku mwuga w’uburezi, ariko we akorera ku kigo cy’amashuri yisumbuye kibarizwa mu karere ka Ngoma, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba.
Agira ati ‘’ Abana bafite ubushyuhe, ariko n’amakuru ya SIDA ntibakiyamenya uko bikwiye. Nkatwe abarezi nta somo ryihariye kuri SIDA dutanga, cyakora bashobora guhura n’amakuru macye kuri iyo ndwara bayakuye mu masomo ya siyansi. Abagerageza kugiraho ubumenyi ni ababa muri za clubs anti-sida.’’
Mu gihe bamwe batunga agatoki ubwigenge bw’abana, kudohoka mu bukangurambaga no kutagira amasomo yihariye mu mashuri, abandi bo ngo ‘’bizace aho byagaciye’’ aho kwicwa n’ubukene.
‘’Gukorera aho’’ aho kuburara!
N’ubwo hari ababona ubwandu bw’agakoko gatera Sida bwiganje mu rubyiruko kubera impamvu zigaragara hejuru, hari n’abandi babihuza no kwirwanaho bahangana n’imibereho mibi ishingiye cyane ku bushomeri rwiganje mu rubyiruko.
Uwase Yvonne (izina twahinduye ngo tutagaragaza umwirondoro we) w’imyaka 23, yemera ko akora akazi k’uburaya, akaba yicururiza kuri Cosmos i Nyamirambo mu mujyi wa Kigali. Ashimangira ko atari we wabihisemo, gusa ngo nta yandi mahitamo kuko agomba kubaho.
Atanga ubuhamya, agira ati ‘’Nkorera uburaya hano kuri Cosmos, maze imyaka 2. Hari ubwo umukiliya akubwira ngo muryamane ariko ‘mukorere aho’ (nta gakingirizo mukoresheje). Kubera gushaka amafaranga urabyemera, kandi ntuba uzi niba yaranduye cyangwa niba ari muzima.’’
Hari abakora umwuga w’uburaya bavuga ko ibya Sida ntacyo bibabwiye
Mugenzi we bakorera ku iseta imwe, Mukanyirigira Ange (amazina ye yahinduwe) w’imyaka 20, na we yungamo avuga ko ubuzima bwakomeye, ko ibyo kwandura cyangwa kutandura batabyitayeho bahebeye urwaje.
Agira ati ‘’Erega ntakundi twabigenza, akazi karabuze kandi ntitugomba gupfa. Nkanjye ndi impfubyi, ngomba kwimenya ku bintu byose. Icyo ndeba ni amafaranga ibindi byose nzabyirengera.’’
Mu mvugo irimo urwenya rwinshi, ngo atungurwa n’ukuntu ababagura babita indaya biyibagije ko na bo ubwo baba ari izindi! Uretse ko ngo banahinduye izina batacyitwa indaya ahubwo bitwa INDANGAMIRWA kuko ababagana baza babarangamiye ngo babashimishe!
Aka gace ni kamwe mu tuzwiho kugira umubare mwinshi w’urubyiruko rw’abakobwa usanga rwicuruza ku muhanda, benshi ukaba wanabakekera kutageza imyaka y’ubukure iyo witegereje igihagararo cyabo.
Umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’Urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe imyigishirize y’abakozi bo mu rwego rw’Ubuzima, Dr Patrick Ndimubanzi, avuga ko ubukangurambaga kuri SIDA buhora bukorwa ariko ko bihaye gahunda yo kubwongeramo imbaraga ku rubyiruko, barukangurira kumenya aho ruhagaze no gukurikiza inama ruhabwa n’abaganga.
Udukingirizo ntatwo, n’uduhari turahenze…
Uburyo buzwi bwo kwirinda virusi y’agakoko gatera SIDA, ni ukwifata ku ngaragu, ubudahemuka ku bashakanye, cyangwa se gukoresha agakingirizo ku bo izindi nzira zananiye. Hari abavuga ko kwifata bigoye, ariko ku wibutse kwikingira bikaba bisigaye bigoye kwigondera agakingirizo.
Umusore T.A w’imyaka 29 utuye i Huye mu ntara y’Amajyepfo ngo batewe impungenge n’ukuntu batakibona udukingirizo mu buryo bworoshye. Agira ati ‘’Kera hari ahantu inzego z’ubuzima zashyiraga ibyuma ukazana igiceri cyawe ugashyiramo kakaza ukajya kukifashisha. Ubu sinzi ko hari aho ibyo byuma bigikora, kandi hashize igihe. Gupfa kwigondera uducururizwa mu maduka sinzi ko bishoborwa na benshi, ayo mafaranga uba wayakoresha ikindi kandi n’ibyo washakaga gukora ukabikora utitaye ku ngaruka.’’
Umucuruzi wa ‘’alimentation’’ ukorera Cosmos i Nyamirambo, avuga ko ajya aterwa impungenge n’abantu abona baza kuhagura indaya, nyamara ngo abagura udukingirizo ni mbarwa. Agira ati ‘’Ubanza tutagikoreshwa kuko abaza kutugura ni mbarwa, kandi abazigura tuba tubareba. Gusa rero turanahenze, uduhendutse tugura amafaranga 1000 kandi muri iyi minsi si macye.’’
Hari abavuga ko udukingirizo twabuze, n’aho turi tukaba duhenze
Umwe mu bashinzwe ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima, RBC, Sebineza Joseph we avuga ko udukingirizo tutabuze keretse habayeho uburangare bwo kutadushyira ahabugenewe.
Agira ati ‘’Aho udukingirizo twari dusanzwe dushyirwa biracyakorwa, keretse dushize ntibihite bigaragara ako kanya. Hari ubwo mu bigo bya Leta ubonamo kugenda biguru ntege ku bashinzwe kudutanga, ariko n’ibigo byigenda abadushatse baraduhabwa’’.
N’ubwo atangaza ibyo ariko, mu minsi yashize, urugero mu karere ka Ngoma, haturutse amakuru avuga uburyo bamwe basigaye badukoresha barangiza bakadufura kandi tuba twamaze gutakaza ubuziranenge.
Imibare itangwa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima, RBC, igaragaza ko abanduye mu Rwanda ari ibihumbi maganabiri na mirongo itatu (230.000) bangana na 3%, muri bo abafata imiti igabanya ubukana bakaba ari 94% gusa.
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2021, abafite ubwandu bwa SIDA ku isi hose babarirwaga muri miliyoni 38,4 barimo abantu bakuru bangana na miliyoni 36,7 n’abari munsi y’imyaka 15 babarirwa muri miliyoni 1,7.
Muri abo bose ab’igitsinagore ni bo benshi kuko ari 54%, kandi umubare munini ni uw’abatuye mu bihugu byo muri Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara.
HIGIRO Adolphe
